Help

What the converter can do

  • If you know a quantity in a certain unit A, the converter can transform it into any other unit B, provided you enter A and B correctly, and A, B are compatible units. (See however, the Adapt function.)
  • If you know a quantity in a certain unit A, and you want it to be expressed in some standard system of units, such as CGS, atomic units, ..., but you don't know precisely what form the target unit B takes in that system of units, the converter will provide the unit B automatically.
  • If you don't know what is the unit A of a quantity, but you can express it in term of physical constants such as c, q, h..., the converter will compute the unit A from these constants.
  • If you want to convert an energy into a wavelength, say, but you don't know which formula should be used, the function Adapt will provide this formula.
  • If the input unit A you enter corresponds to a certain dimension (mass, velocity, conductance...), the converter will indicate this dimension in the right-hand side fields.
  • If you use the temperature units "oC" (Celsius or Centigrade) or "oF" (Fahrenheit), the converter will take into account the shift in the zeros of these temperature scales, provided the unit you have typed has the dimension of temperature, and "oC" or "oF" are not mixed with other units.


What the converter can not do

  • If the number you want to convert is expressed in some system of units, for example the atomic units, but you don't know exactly what is the dimension of this quantity (a length, a time, an energy...), the converter will not be able to guess this information and convert the number into another system of units.
  • The converter will not display in output fields units like "N" (Newton), "C" (Coulomb), or "T" (Tesla), since these units can be expressed in terms of fundamental units. Instead, the Newton will be written as "m kg s^-2", the Coulomb will be "s A", and the Tesla will be "kg s^-2 A^-1" (if you use the International system).
  • The converter can't handle fractional powers of the units such as "m^(2/3)".



The Number to convert field

The content of this field can be any string accepted by the Javascript function eval(). In effect, you can enter:
  • a simple number, for example:
    3.14159, -1.2345e-6...
  • any mathematical expression supported by the Javascript interpreter, for example:
    3*14/159, 1-2+3/(4-5), 3*pow(2,1/3), 1/sqrt(2)...
  • you can use pi or Pi as a shorthand for PI.

Here is a list of the Javascript mathematical functions.



The Unit to convert from field

In this field, you must type a well-formatted unit. The mathematical operators "space", "*", "/", "^", "(", and ")", are allowed.
You may use predefined prefixes which can be prepended to any unit.
Some examples:
  • simple symbols:
    m (meter), ms (millisecond), a0 (Bohr radius), mue (electron magnetic moment) ...
  • more complicated units:
    km/hr, kcal/mol, hbar^2/(2 me), MeV/c^2, m^2 kg/s/A ...
  • From version 1.5, the converter supports several synonyms for most units. For example the meter can by entered in any of the following forms:
    m, meter, Meter, meters, meters.



The Unit to convert to field

In this field, you must enter a well formatted unit if the option User is selected. Otherwise, you can leave it empty. The menu lets you choose among predefined systems of units. The syntax is as for the Unit to convert from field.
If you use a predefined system of units, the output unit will always be printed in terms of the fundamental units of that system (see the systems of units page).



The Molar volume and Molar mass fields

The basic unit for the quantity of matter is the Mole mol. For the conversions involving the molar volume Vmol or the molar mass Mmol, you have to specify the volume or the mass of a mole of a given substance. These two fields let you adjust the molar volume (must be given in liters per mole) and the molar mass (must be given in grams per mole).



The Converted number field

In this output field, you can read the result of the unit conversion. The two menus let you adjust the format (automatic, scientific, or decimal) and the number of significant digits used to display the number.



The Adapt function

It is sometimes possible to perform special unit conversions between two quantities A and B of different dimensions, by using an appropriate combination of the fundamental constants c (speed of light), h (Planck constant), k (Boltzmann constant), and q (elementary charge).

The Adapt function looks for such combinations x and y which satisfy either xA=B or y/A=B. If one of those exists, Adapt modifies your input in order to built the appropriate formula and make the units compatible. See also the Examples.

Use is made of the following transformation rules:
 
   
Length = h * c / Energy
Mass = Energy / c2
Time = h / Energy
Electric current = q / h * Energy
Temperature = Energy / k
   



Getting info on the symbols and units

By choosing a symbol from one of these menus, you get a message at the bottom of the page, with the info on the corresponding unit.
You can also access lists of all units, sorted by names or by symbol, by clicking the By Name and By Symbol buttons.



Entry Converter Help Examples Systems of units Prefixes JS functions Links
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